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Glossary

Groupthink

A group communication process where high group cohesiveness impairs decisions by

stimulating premature closure on important issues.The tendency for members of highly

cohesive groups to conform to group pressures regarding a certain decision so

strongly that they fail to think critically, rejecting the potentially correcting influences of

outsiders. A dysfunction in which group members value the harmony of the group

more than new ideas, fail to critically examine ideas, hesitate to change de-cisions, or

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Great person theory

The view that leaders possess special traits that set them apart from others and that

these traits are responsible for their assuming positions of power and authority. (1)

 

(1) Glossary of communication, University of Jyväskylä

 

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Governance

The term is used extensively and in many contexts, but there is not a full consensus on

what it entails. The term has become especially important after the end of the cold

war, when its usage was revitalized by large donor agencies (the World Bank, IMF,

etc.), who began basing decisions and evaluations regarding developing countries and

countries of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, among other things, on

indicators, related to governance.

Governance refers to the lateral and inter-institutional relations in administration in the

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Good governance

A term, widely used by the World Bank and donor agencies. Whether a country has

“good governance” became an important issue in donor decisions after the

accumulated experience with international aid demonstrated that it is only worthwhile in

countries with at least a minimal set of good governance indicators.

According to the World Bank, good governance entails sound public sector

management (efficiency, effectiveness and economy), accountability, exchange and

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Glanders

A bacterial infection that causes a chronic debilitating disease of equids (horses,

mules, and donkeys) as well as some members of the cat family and is transmissible to

people. The bacterium responsible for glanders is Burkholderia mallei (formerly called

Pseudomonas mallei). It usually is acquired through direct skin or mucous membrane

contact with infected animal tissues. The incubation period is 1 to 14 days. The

disease often manifests as pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, or lobar pneumonia, with

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Gender-related differences in epidemic-prone infectious diseases

Gender influences both patterns of exposure to infectious agents and the treatment of

infectious disease. For example, gender roles influence where men and women spend

their time, and the infectious agents they come into contact with, as well as the nature

of exposure, its frequency and its intensity. Differences in the provision of health care

to males and females, as well as in accumulated scientific knowledge about the effects

of treatments, influence the course and outcome of disease for those who have been

infected.

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Gender stereotypes

A generalized set of traits and characteristics attributed to a specific ethnic, national,

cultural or racial group, which gives rise to false expectations that individual members

of the group will conform to these traits. (UNESCO)

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Gender sensitivity

Encompasses the ability to acknowledge and highlight existing gender differences,

issues and inequalities and incorporate these into strategies and actions. (UNDP)

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Gender roles: triple role/multiple burden

These terms refer to the fact that women tend to work longer and more fragmented

days than men as they are usually involved in three different gender roles —

reproductive, productive and community work.

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Gender roles: reproductive roles

Refer to the activities needed to ensure the reproduction of society's labour force. This

includes child bearing, rearing, and care for family members such as children, elderly

and workers. These tasks are done mostly by women.

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Action plan on Science in Society related issues in Epidemics and Total pandemics
European Commission
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 612236.

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