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Glossary

Capacity development

Capacity development is the process by which individuals, organizations institutions

and societies develop abilities to perform functions, solve problems and set and

achieve objectives. A fundamental goal of capacity building is to enhance the ability to

evaluate and address the crucial questions related to policy choices. It is addressed at

three inter-related levels: individual, institutional and societal.

The report by the HEG Expert group “Science, H1N1 and Society” stresses on the

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Capacity

A combination of all the strengths and resources available within a community, society

or organization that can reduce the level of risk or the effects of a disaster. Comment:

Capacity may include physical means, institutional abilities, societal infrastructure as

well as human skills or collective attributes such as leadership and management.

Capacity also may be described as capability. (ISDR)

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Campaign

In advertising, a large number of ads that stress the same theme and appear over a

specified length of time. (1)

 

(1) Glossary of communication, University of Jyväskylä

 

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Business continuity

Effective and useful survival. Business continuity is a biological and psychological

imperative for individuals ("instinct of survival") and an economic and cultural

imperative for communities, at least at local level (see also "social capital"). The

imperative can be less evident and weaker once one moves to the national level. It is

by definition weak in "new" or "fragile states", and in short-lived institutions, especially

in trans-cultural ones. It needs to be fostered by strong leadership, team building, clear

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Bubonic plague

See Pestis.

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Brucellosis

An infectious disease, also known as undulant fever, characterized by rising and

lowering (undulant) fever, sweating, muscle and joint pains, and weakness. Brucellosis

is caused by the bacterium Brucella, which can be transmitted in unpasteurized milk

from cattle, sheep, and goats; cheese made from this unpasteurized milk; and contact

with diseased animals. Antibiotics are used to treat Brucellosis. Brucellosis is

Bioterrorism threat category B.

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Botulism

See Botulinum toxin.

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Botulinum toxin

A toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum that is the most poisonous

biological substance known. Botulinum toxin acts as a neurotoxin. It binds to the nerve

ending at the point where the nerve joins a muscle, blocking the release by the nerve

of the chemical acetylcholine (the principal neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular

junction), preventing the muscle from contracting. The result is weakness and paralysis

of the muscle. The muscle atrophies. The blockage of acetylcholine release is

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Bioterrorism

Terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents that

are harmful to humans. These agents may be in a naturally occurring or a humanmodified

form. For the use of this method in warfare, see Biological warfare. Biological

diseases and the agents that might be used for terrorism have been listed by the US

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC)

These agents include viruses, bacteria, rickettsiae (microorganisms that have traits

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Biosafety

Biosafety: Biosafety refers to the development and implementation of administrative policies, microbiological practices, facility safeguards, and safety equipment to prevent the transmission of potentially harmful biologic agents to workers, other persons, and the environment. Containment is used to describe safe methods, facilities, and equipment for managing infectious materials in the laboratory where they are being handled or maintained. Risk assessment of the work to be done with a specific agent determines the appropriate biosafety practices (1)

 

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Action plan on Science in Society related issues in Epidemics and Total pandemics
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This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 612236.

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