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Glossary

Basic reproduction number (sometimes called basic reproductive rate, basic reproductive ratio and denoted R0)

Тhe average number of persons infected by a single disease source. In other words,

this is the number of expected secondary infections resulting from a single infectious

case. Another way to explain Ro is the number of people who are expected to be

infected by one person who has the disease in question.

 

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Baseline data

Data or measurements collected at the outset of implementation of a surveillance

system or of strengthening activities, or a set of indicators that have been identified to

monitor and evaluate the performance of a surveillance and response system. For

example, the baseline mortality rate (or non-crisis mortality rate) is Mortality rate before

the crisis. (1)

 

(1) Checchi and Roberts, Interpreting and using mortality data in humanitarian

emergencies, ODI/HPN paper 52, 2005.

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Baseline assessment

Is an assessment performed during the design phase of a surveillance plan of action. It

provides information on the existing situation, forms the basis for the development of

the plan of action, and provides baseline data against which prospective changes in

the surveillance system are progressively assessed or measured.

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Avian influenza (bird flu)

Avian flu, also known as “bird flu”, is an infection caused by avian influenza A viruses.

These influenza A viruses occur naturally among birds. Wild birds worldwide get flu A

infections in their intestines, but usually do not get sick from flu infections. However,

avian influenza is very contagious among birds and some of these viruses can make

certain domesticated bird species, including chickens, ducks, and turkeys, very sick

and kill them.

Most avian influenza viruses do not cause disease in humans. However, some are

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Autonomy

A concept found in moral, political, and bioethical philosophy. Within these contexts, it

is the capacity of a rational individual to make an informed, un-coerced decision. In

moral and political philosophy, autonomy is often used as the basis for determining

moral responsibility and accountability for one's actions. In medicine, respect for the

autonomy of patients is an important goal, though it can conflict with a competing

ethical principle, namely beneficence. Autonomy is also used to refer to the selfgovernment

of the people.

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Audience

A group of individuals attending to a common media. They receive communication

from the same source, but are not active participants and do not communicate with

each other. Collection of individuals who have come together to watch or listen to

someone or something, such as to listen to a speech. (1)

 

(1) Glossary of communication, University of Jyväskylä

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Attitude(s)

Learned predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably toward an object. Stable

clusters of feelings, beliefs, and behavioral intentions toward specific objects, people,

or institutions. A construct said to be composed of affective (feeling), cognitive

(thoughts), and connotative (behavioral) components; internal feelings about some

object; composed of opinions, beliefs, and values. Evaluative disposition, feeling, or

position about oneself, others, events, ideas, or objects. (1)

 

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Attack rate

An attack rate is defined as the proportion of those who became ill after a specified

exposure over a specified period of time. The numerator is new cases of disease

during a specified period; the denominator is the population at risk.

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Asynchronous communication

Also known as non simultaneous communication. Communication during which

participants engage in the process at different times, such as bulletin boards or e-mail.(1)

 

(1) Glossary of communication, University of Jyväskylä

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Assessment

A systematic or non-systematic way of gathering relevant information, analysing and

making judgment on the basis of the available information.

 

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This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 612236.

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