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Glossary

Zero reporting

Reporting of the absence of cases of a disease under surveillance; this is crucial for

syndromic surveillance and ensures that participants have not merely forgotten to

report.

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World health organization

The agency of the United Nations (UN) that is concerned with international health.

Abbreviated WHO. Also known as Organisation Mondiale de la Sante (OMS). WHO is

the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. It

is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health

research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy

options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health

trend

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Whistle-blowing

Insiders telling the media what they know about improper practices by others, usually

in the same company, with the hope of improving the situation. Calling attention to

actions or practices that are inconsistent with established organizational norms or

policies. (1)

 

(1) Glossary of communication, University of Jyväskylä

 

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Wave

The period during which an outbreak or epidemic occurs either within a community or

aggregated across a larger geographical area. The disease wave includes the time

during which the disease occurrence increases, peaks and declines back towards

baseline.

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Vulnerability

The degree to which a socio-economic system is either susceptible or resilient to the

impact of natural hazards and related technological and environmental disasters. The

degree of vulnerability is determined by a combination of several factors including

hazard awareness, the condition of human settlements and infrastructure, public policy

and administration, and organized abilities in all fields of disaster management.

Poverty is also one of the main causes of vulnerability in most parts of the world.

 

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Virus

A microorganism that is smaller than a bacterium that cannot grow or reproduce apart

from a living cell. A virus invades living cells and uses their chemical machinery to

keep itself alive and to replicate itself. It may reproduce with fidelity or with errors

(mutations); this ability to mutate is responsible for the ability of some viruses to

change slightly in each infected person, making treatment difficult. Viruses cause many

common human infections and are also responsible for a number of rare diseases.

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Virulent

Extremely noxious, damaging, deleterious, and disease causing (pathogenic); marked

by a rapid, severe, and malignant course; poisonous.

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Virulence

The degree of pathogenicity of an infectious agent, indicated by case-fatality rates

and/or the ability of the agent to invade and damage tissues of the host.

 

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Viral replication

The formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells.

Viruses must first get into the cell before viral replication can occur. From the

perspective of the virus, the purpose of viral replication is to allow production and

survival of its kind. By generating abundant copies of its genome and packaging these

copies into viruses, the virus is able to continue infecting new hosts.

Replication processes in viruses are greatly varied and use the host cell machinery in

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Viral hemorrhagic fever

A syndrome caused by infection with one of a number of viruses that can cause

increased permeability of the blood vessels resulting in bleeding into the skin,

internally, or from the mouth or other orifices. The bleeding is usually not lifethreatening.

Other signs and symptoms of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) may also

include high fever, weakness, dizziness, and myalgia. In severe cases, there may be

shock, coma, delirium, seizures , and death. The viruses that cause VHF belong to four

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Action plan on Science in Society related issues in Epidemics and Total pandemics
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This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 612236.

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